Witnessing someone suddenly lose consciousness can be frightening—but knowing how to respond can make all the difference. Whether it’s caused by fainting, a seizure, low blood sugar, or a more serious medical issue, acting quickly and correctly is critical.
We spoke with Dr. Emily Carter, an emergency medicine physician, to outline the essential steps you should take if someone around you becomes unconscious.
Step 1: Check for Responsiveness and Call for Help
The first thing to do is check if the person is responsive. Gently tap their shoulder and speak loudly: “Are you okay?” If there is no response, call emergency services immediately (such as 911 or your local number). Time is crucial.
Pro Tip: If you’re not alone, direct someone specifically by saying, “You—call 911!” This avoids confusion in an emergency.
Step 2: Check for Breathing and Pulse
If the person isn’t breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR immediately if you’re trained. If you’re not trained, perform chest compressions at a rate of about 100–120 per minute (think: the beat of “Stayin’ Alive”).
If the person is breathing and has a pulse but is unresponsive, move to the next step.
Step 3: Place Them in the Recovery Position
If the person is breathing but still unconscious, gently roll them onto their side into the recovery position. This helps keep their airway open and prevents choking if they vomit. Make sure their head is tilted slightly back and their mouth is pointed downward.
Step 4: Loosen Tight Clothing and Check for Medical ID
Loosen collars, belts, or anything around the neck that could restrict breathing. Look for medical ID bracelets, necklaces, or cards that might indicate conditions like diabetes, epilepsy, or allergies.
Step 5: Stay Calm and Monitor
Remain with the person until help arrives. Monitor their breathing, pulse, and any changes in consciousness. Be prepared to perform CPR if their condition worsens.
When to Seek Immediate Medical Hel
Even if the person regains consciousness quickly, they should still see a doctor, especially if:
- It’s their first episode of unconsciousness
- They had a seizure or abnormal movements
- They’re confused or disoriented afterward
- They have known medical conditions like diabetes or heart problems
Final Thoughts
Losing consciousness can happen for many reasons—some minor, others life-threatening. By staying calm, calling for help, and taking quick action, you can potentially save a life. As Dr. Carter says, “Even basic knowledge of what to do in those first few minutes can make all the difference.”